Aceh's relationship with the Dutch royal and the French royal

Aceh's relationship with the Dutch royal

Prince Maurits - Oranje - founder of the dynasty also had sent a letter with the intention of seeking the help of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam. Sultan welcomed their good intentions by sending envoys to the Dutch group. The delegation was led by Tuanku Abdul Hamid. The delegation is what is known as the first Indonesian to stop in the Netherlands. During his visit Tuanku Abdul Hamid ill and eventually died. He was buried on a large scale in the Netherlands, attended by the magistrates Netherlands. However, because the Dutch have never bury a Muslim, then he was buried by way of Christianity in the yard of a church. Now in his tomb there is an inscription which was inaugurated by the late HRH Prince Bernhard of the late husband of Queen Juliana and father of Queen Beatrix Majesty.

Aceh's relationship with the French royal

Aceh also received a royal envoy visits the Kingdom of France. Envoy of the King of France was originally intended to award a mirror that is very valuable to the Sultan of Aceh. But in the course of the broken mirror. Finally they present fragments of the mirror as a gift to the emperor. In his book, Danis Lombard said that the Sultan Iskandar Muda very fond of valuable objects. At that time, the kingdom of Aceh is the only Malay kingdom that has Balee Ceureumeen or Glass Hall in the palace. According to the French envoy , the Aceh Sultanate Palace extent of not less than two kilometers. The palace named the Palace In Darud Donya ( now Meuligo Aceh, the residence of the Governor ). In it includes fictional Medan and Medan Khaerani that can accommodate 300 troops elephant 's tail. Sultan Iskandar Muda also ordered to move Krueng Aceh River basin to drain his palace ( the river can still be seen up to now, flowing quiet around Meuligoe ). That's where the sultan often swim while entertaining the guests him.

The history of Aceh friendship with the Dutch

The history of Aceh friendship with the Dutch

In historical records revealed that when the Dutch empire proclaimed its independence from Spain, only the kingdom of Aceh as the first country in the world to recognize her and immediately established diplomatic relations thus established an excellent bilateral relations between the two countries are very far apart the two kingdoms located itu.Meskipun the social aspects kemasyarakatnya different, but both Aceh and the Dutch royal remains to establish cooperation in the field of trade, thereby supporting the economic growth of both kingdoms tersebut.Awalnya letter Maurit Prince of Orange dynasty van Nassau holder of the reins of the kingdom of the Netherlands to the Queen abetrix now being sent to the Sultan, Alauddin Riayat Syah.Surat in Spanish which contains gentle persuasion was taken by Admiral Laurens Bicker and Gerard de Roy with four expedition vessels carrying various goods valuable time was about 660,000 guilders nilainya.Keempat expedition ships carrying goods - items to be presented to the Sultan of Aceh , Sultan Alauddin Shah Riayat it, namely Zelandia, Middelborgh, Bracke and De Langhe Sanne Zeland departing from the port on January 28, 1601.Selain bring lunch supplies 450,000 estate as well as various valuable items to be submitted to the Sultan Aceh as a symbol of friendship between the two kingdoms itu.Pange ran Maurit which is gathering the potential that exists to liberate their homeland from vendors han Spain and Portugal under King Manuel, wants to expand its relationship with various countries including Aceh and forget the bitter tragedy of the death of Cornelis de Houtman taxable Acehnese dagger konseku Wensi lack sopanannya in 1599 as he did in the waters ekpedisinya kingdom of Aceh.

Prince Maurit realize that by opening diplomatic relations with the kingdom of Aceh who master the world's busiest trade lane, the Strait of Malacca, and the territorial control of the whole island of Sumatra to Pariaman in West Sumatra and Aceh and the Netherlands could offset the dominance of the Portuguese in Malacca since this 1511.Selama Netherlands always sandwiched by the Portuguese and Spanish that can control the sea lanes since of Giblaltar ( Jabal Tariq ) mouthfeel Africa and Central - Europe meeting Samudrea the Atlantic ocean to the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Parsia, Goa, Malacca, Timor, Maluku and Therefore Philipina.Oleh diplomatic relations with the kingdom of Aceh is very important for the Dutch royal who is preparing to release themselves from imperialism me kingdom southern Europe (Portugal and Spain). voyage undertaken Netherlands ebelumnya always under threat from the Portuguese - Spanish, and if certainly caught a very severe punishment for allegedly facilitating the movements of Prince Maurit.Secara sepatisme Dutch military leaders, troops Portuguese - Spanish time very strong Titu not possible for the Netherlands to face Holland sendirian.Karenanya very important to establish diplomatic relations with the royal Aceh.Dalam voyage to Aceh, Dutch ships stop in East Africa for support of the local authorities who also had a long friendship with Aceh, as well as to trick from the pursuit of the Portuguese and Spanish as well as English who dominated the oceans of time it.After eight months mengharungi ocean often have to hide from Portuguese - Spanish fleet kepesisir islands along the voyage , then on August 25, 1601 rombingan prince Maurit shipment arrived in Aceh , and after reading the letter with caution and recorded by the secretary of the kingdom - the group was well received by the Sultan Aceh.Surat written prince Maurit in the Hague , dated December 11, 1600 shows whom there was : " to the beta is also rumored that the Portuguese had entered the war terhadp ape kingdom by order of His Majesty the King of Spain , with the aim of seizing the land and made ​​its people as slaves , as the thus it has done for over thirty years has been the land of our .. " . Kingdom of Aceh who had always hated the Portuguese , so had several times engaged in combat with him , immediately responded positively and explore the possibility could be related to the state of trade and the Netherlands . As the realization of the Sultan , Alauddin Shah paragraph Ri sends its ambassador as a diplomatic opening between the beginning of Aceh and Aceh to Belanda.Para Dutch diplomat Abdul Hamid led joint military brass kingdom of Aceh , Sri Admiral Muhammad and Mir Hasan as a delegate in the entourage of Laurens Bicker .

In his voyage in the waters near the island ST.HELENA Africa delegation meeting with Portu gis warship , the San Yago and unavoidable and the sea battle , the Portuguese ship finally be sunk so that the group could continue longer voyage , and arrived in Zeeland pad July 20, 1602 . Te but only 20 days to arrive in the Netherlands , Abdul Hamid fell ill because of the possibility of advanced age with the Dutch air so cold that the Aceh veteran diplomat died on August 10, 1602 at age 71 , and was buried in Middleborhg with kenegaran ceremony before had met the prince Maurit who were fighting the Portuguese - Spanish troops based in the remote hinterland village Grave.Selanjutnya , in September 1602 Admiral tanggal1 Sri Muhammadiyah and Mir Hasan mad prince meet Maurit and submit letters of friendship as well as other documentation like a modern-day now if the delegates met with the head of a state government must submit credentials suarat - negarany representing each officially masing.Dengan was then the kingdom of Aceh both de facto and de jure have recognized the independence of the Netherlands under the command of the Prince of Orange dynasty Maurit van Nassau . therefore Acehlah kingdom as the first country to recognize the de facto and the de jure independence of the Netherlands who stands alone until now ini.Belanda finally allowed to build a trading office in Darussalam , the capital of the kingdom of Aceh , as well as the top recommendation Netherlands could also relate well to the country seaboard countries such as India - Gujarad , Calikut , Bengal and Sri Lanka

Kingdom of Aceh's relations with the United Kingdom in the past

Kingdom of Aceh's relations with the United Kingdom in the past

In the 16th century , the most victorious Queen of England Elizabeth I , sent messengers named Sir James Lancester to the Kingdom of Aceh and also sent a letter aims " To Civil Servant , King Aceh Darussalam " , as well as the high value set of jewelry . Sultan of Aceh when it receives good intentions " sister " in Britain and the UK allow for berthing and trade in the territory of Aceh . Even the Sultan also sent gifts precious including pair of bracelets of rubies and a letter written on fine paper with gold ink . Sir James was awarded the title of " Rich White People " . Misra relationship between Aceh and the UK continued to the time of King James I of England and Scotland . King James sent a cannon as a gift to the Sultan of Aceh . The cannon is still maintained and is known as the King James Cannon .

Sultan of Aceh was replying to a letter from Queen Elizabeth I. Here are excerpts of the Sultan 's letter , which was kept by the British royal government , dated 1585 :

I am the mighty ruler of the Regions below the wind , who holds sway over the land of Aceh and over the land of Sumatra and over all the lands tributaries to Aceh , the which stretch from the sunrise to the sunset .

translation of the contents of the letter are : ( Hambalah the mighty ruler of Countries under the wind , which is assembled on the ground and above-ground Aceh Sumatra and over the entire area subject to the Aceh region , which stretches from horizon sunrise to sunset ) .

Intimate relationship between Aceh and the UK continued to the time of King James I of England and Scotland . King James sent a cannon as a gift to the Sultan of Aceh . The cannon is still maintained and is known as the King James Cannon

Sultan Iskandar Muda had also sent a letter to the English King James I in 1615 ago . The letter referred to as the " golden letter " was written using Arabic script Malay with Jawi . Said to have the oldest and most beautiful ornaments , even the largest most spectacular . Therefore , in addition to reaching one meter in length , yellow silk hardback original letter was written in gold ink on paper oriental types . The original letter is in the library sat Bodlian , Oxford , England .

Three quarters of the contents of this letter describe the greatness of Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636) along with the richness and breadth of his domain , the following is a translation of excerpts of letters Sultan Islandar mukadimmah Young for King James I:

" Letter instead Series Mighty Sultan Alam Johan Sovereign , the king hath royal dignity , which is the throne that has no visible sight, which is not heard by the listener , which bermahligai ivory , filigree carved , jointed - bersindura , sadalinggam colored , watery mas , which beristana sayojana against " -

Letter of Sultan Iskandar Muda became one recording form relationships romance Kingdom of Aceh and the UK in the past . And relationships like this happened long ago before Indonesia or kingdoms in the archipelago has relations with European countries . There is the difference between the relationship between Aceh and the UK and other European countries outside the kingdom of Aceh . Relationships are built by the Kingdom of Aceh with UK and European based egalitarian diplomatic relations , not as a representative in the form of colonies between the master and the colonized .

This letter became one evidence of diplomatic relations between the Kingdom of Aceh and the UK . Certainly not just a regular diplomatic relations , as Aceh and England had signed the Treaty of Eternal Friendship ( Perpetual Friendship Treaty ) between the United Kingdom and Aceh in the 17th century and refurbished in 1811. The contents of the agreement states that the two countries help each other obligation of the other party attacks . But Britain has betrayed the agreement when the country signed the Treaty of Sumatra ( the Sumatran Treaty ) which recognizes the efforts of the Dutch Dutch hegemony over Aceh .

Aceh's relationship with China

Aceh's relationship with China

Baiturrahman mosque construction carried out by a contractor or contractors Chinese named A Lie Sie oldest historical record and the first of the royal kingdom of Aceh , was found from the sources of the history of Chinese writing . In historical records Liang dynasty ( 506-556 ) , mentioned the existence of a kingdom located in North Sumatra in the 6th century called Po - Li and Buddhist. In the 13th century texts of China ( Zhao Ru - cave in his book fan Zhu - zhi ) mentions Lan - wu - li ( Lamuri ) on the east coast of Aceh . And in 1282 , it was known that the king of the ocean - Pasai send two people ( and Shamsuddin Sulaiman ) envoy to China . In the note Ma Huan ( Ying - yai sheng - lan ) in his voyage along with Admiral Cheng Ho , recorded with a full detailed city in Aceh such as , A - lu ( Aru ) , Su -men - da - la ( Ocean ) , Lan - wu - li ( Lamuri ) . In a note Dong - xi - the - kao ( research seas east and west ) are fabricated by Zhang Xie in 1618 , there is a detailed account of the modern Aceh .

Samudra - Pasai kingdom and is a bustling port city visited by traders from the Middle East , India to China in the 13th century -16 . Pasai Ocean is located on the Silk Road China sea contact with the countries of the Middle East , where the merchants of various countries dropped by first / transit before continuing voyage to / from China or the Middle East , India . City of Pasai and Perlak also been visited by Marco Polo ( 13th century ) and Ibn Batuta ( 14th century ) on the way to / from China . Key items that most famous of these is Pasai pepper and widely exported to China , on the contrary many Chinese goods such as silk , Ceramics , etc . imported into this Pasai . In the 15th century , Zheng He's fleet also stop by the voyage to Pasai and provide a large bell dated 1409 ( Cakra Donya ) to the king of Pasai at that time . Samudra Pasai also known as a center of Islamic empire ( and Perlak ) is the first in Indonesia and the center of Islamic penyebaraan whole archipelago at that time . The teachings of Islam is spread by traders from Arabia ( Middle East ) or Gujarat ( India ) , who stopped or settled in Pasai . Samudra Pasai town 's many live Chinese communities , such as the " hometown of China " , as written in the Hikayat Raja - raja Pasai . So long before the kingdom of Aceh Darussalam stand , the Chinese community has been in Aceh since the 13th century . Because Pasai Ocean is located in the international trade and shipping lines as well as a center of international commerce , the various other foreign nations settle and stay there and cosmopolitan character.

Aceh History With Foreign Countries

Aceh History With Foreign Countries

In the sixteenth century , Aceh holds a very important role as a transit area of commodity goods from East to West . Commodity trade of the archipelago such as nutmeg and spices from Banda Island , cloves from the Moluccas , camphor from Barus and pepper from Aceh gathered here waiting for the time to be dispatched to the outside negeni . Aceh as the most important port at that time were visited by traders from various countries .

Aceh is also known as the area 's first entrance of Islam into the archipelago . The traders from Saudi Arabia , Turkey , and India Gujarat Muslim layover in Aceh on the way they look for various commodities trade of the archipelago . Aceh is located in the international shipping lanes is the first area that they are flown in Southeast Asia . Then around the end of the XIII century in Aceh have established a great empire of the Kingdom of Pasai is not only the most important port for trade , but also as a center for the spread of Islam both to domestic and overseas .

Once the first Portuguese landed in Aceh in 1509 visited the Kingdom Pedir ( Pidie ) and Pasai to find silk . Then in 1511 the Portuguese conquered Malacca ( ​​now Malaysia ) which causes the Sultan of Aceh angry . Kingdom of Aceh then sent forces to liberate Malacca from the hands of the invaders back , but to no avail and the Kingdom of Aceh soldiers who died and was buried there . According to a reliable source Shaykh Shamsuddin Assumatrani is one of the great scholars of Acehnese were killed in a battle with the Portuguese in Malacca and his grave there.

Then in the time of Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607 - 1636) , then the Malacca can be freed from the clutches of the Portuguese and back lanes in the Malacca Strait trade re- mastered by the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam . At the time of Aceh and Turkey have established a close relationship so many weapons expert and shipping from Turkey came and settled in Aceh . Historical evidence is remaining mosques , monuments and tombstones Turks in the village Bitai ( ± 3 km from Banda Aceh ) .

On June 21, 1599 a Dutch merchant ship led by Cornelis De Houteman and his brother Frederick De Houteman landed in Aceh . However, because the Acehnese thought that their Portuguese Dutch ship was attacked and killed Cornelis De Houteman and charming Frederick De Houteman .

Furthermore, in 1602 a Dutch merchant ship another led by Gerald De Roy was sent to the province by Prince Mounsts in an effort to establish cooperative relations with the Kingdom of Aceh . The delegation was welcomed by the Sultan of Aceh and Balk signed the cooperation relationship . When Gerald De Roy returned home to the Netherlands , the Sultan sent two ambassadors to the Netherlands . One of the ambassador , Abdul Hamid ( other sources mention Abdul Zamat ) died in the Netherlands and his grave is in Middleburg , Netherlands .

In early June 1602 English merchants were sent to the province by Queen Elizabeth to establish cooperation in the field of trade . The delegation was also welcomed by the Sultan and signed cooperation relationship . This relationship terns continued until many years later .

However, because of the greed of the VOC , the Dutch declaring war on the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam and attacked him on April 14, 1873. War between the Netherlands and Aceh is the longest in the history of the world is approximately 69 years (1873 -1942 ) which has engulfed millions of lives .

In 1942 the Japanese landed in Aceh and welcomed by the people of Aceh because at that time between the Netherlands and Japan sating hostile , and hope the arrival of the Japanese people of Aceh will help drive the Dutch out of the ground in Aceh . But the fact that Japan is more virulent otherwise from the Netherlands so the Acehnese felt cheated by the Japanese and Japanese combat arms raised .

Japan were in place only 2.5 years , but much of the fighting between Aceh and Japan . Among the many wars going on, there are two battles are hard to forget because of the loss of life that is falling in Pandrah (North Aceh) and Cot Plieng (North Aceh) . Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia on August 17, 1945 somewhat freed from the shackles of war Aceh pathetic.

Aceh role in the Revolution of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia (1945-1949)

Aceh role in the Revolution of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia (1945-1949)

I. INTRODUCTION

Dated August 17, 1945 the Republic of Indonesia proclaimed its independence by Sukarno Hatta. The declaration of independence was not immediately accepted by all parties, especially the Netherlands with persistent attempted to regain control of the entire Indonesian archipelago. Conflicts of the Netherlands with Indonesia until the year 1950. they run provoke political and glassware among the people of Indonesia with the intent to occupy the entire archipelago Indonesai.

In an effort to colonize Indonesia again, Netherlands broadcast news through newspapers and radio , that their arrival to Indonesia not to fight and colonize , but to maintain security caused by World War II . In addition through propaganda broadcasts , the Dutch also made ​​two armed aggression against Indonesia, which is the first aggression of 1947 and the second in 1948. As a result of the attack in a relatively short time almost all parts of Indonesia they can sit back.

Areas for which they have the sole is Aceh , so the young Republic of Indonesia that it still has a very strong capital to maintain its independence sovereignty . Netherlands many times trying to crush the resistance of the Indonesian people in the Aceh region with troops landing that can always be defeated . Several times the Dutch launched air strikes primarily against air field artillery command LhokNga and several other cities , such as Ulee Lheue , Sigli , Lhoksumawe , Langsa , Meulaboh and Mr Tread , but in reply to the Indonesian people in the Aceh region using anti- aircraft guns fly.

Dutch marines also always trying to experiment landing at strategic places and ports along the coast of Aceh, such as Ulee Lheue, Ujong Aquaculture Development , Krueng Sigli , Ulee Kareueng , Lhoksumawe, Langsa , Meulaboh , Tread Mr and others . Dutch war fleets are often operating at that time, such as Jan Van Bukker, Jan Van Ban Gallaen.

Due to strong coastal defense guns equipped with shore spoils of the Japanese army and also by the spirit of the people based on the turbulent , then the Aceh region continues to be maintained independence with the landing plan always fails the Netherlands. To find out the situation on the ground , Dutch fishermen often catch by dragging them to the ship . Netherlands plans to occupy the region of Aceh was never implemented until they recognized Indonesian independence at the end of 1949.

II . Surge INDEPENDENCE IN ACEH

News proclamation of Indonesian independence in Aceh was not immediately known . The new news is officially known by the people of Aceh on August 29, 1945 after the return of Mr . T.M. Hasan and Dr. . M. Amir of Jakarta . These two men represent the center of the Republic of Indonesia to the entire island of Sumatra.

However, the village rumors about the news long before been heard by some Acehnese figures . They do not dare announce it to the public , because they were afraid the Japanese atrocities Tentera ..

Once known officially about defeat of the Japanese and Indonesian independence , the courage of the young people of Aceh continue to hold campaigns to the people for the news broadcast . Through the efforts of the brave young men who also scored the news on printing "Spirit of Freedom " and then disseminated to the public with great care , because at that time the Japanese still control all government agencies .

The decision to implement youth some Japanese government agencies such as the Office of Printing " Atjeh Shimbun ," Japan Radio Transmitters " Hodoka " Japanese News " Domei " and other agencies ; necessary to facilitate the formation of the government of the Republic of Indonesia . The newspaper " Independent Spirit " published October 14, 1945 by the youth to spread the news of the proclamation by way of sticking in the walls , in homes , in shops , in offices and so on . 

The Allies were winning the war against Japan not long after landing in Indonesia by the Dutch army piggybacking and NICA ( Netherlands Indies Civil Administation ) in tow . Before landing , General Sir Philip Christison, who led the Allied forces on 25 September 1945 broadcast of Singapore through radio and press interviews that the Allied troops landed on Java and Sumatra did not bring the soldiers Holland and NICA . Red and white flag in the hoist should continue and organizations under the leadership of Sukarno not disarmed .

General Sir Philip Christison insists , too, that there are only three tasks of the arrival of Allied forces in Indonesia , namely disarming Japan , restores Japanese prisoners and detainees , as well as a security guard . Propaganda broadcast by Christison is different once the reality . After the Allied troops landed in Indonesia.mereka hold such actions robs shops , government offices . Allied also strengthen its position in some cities in Indonesia , as well as doing the chaos in the cities that give rise to small incidents which then turns into a massive battle .

Aceh regions that are part of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia , is somewhat different from other regions in defending the sovereignty of Indonesia .. During the turmoil of the war of independence , Aceh still able to maintain the independence of the Republic of Indonesia as a whole .

Aceh in dubbed as the Capital Region , not only from the forces of the Acehnese to defend the homeland , but also because in Aceh there are communication tools such as press and radio . With the press and radio simplify the relationship between the governments of other regions as well as between the government of Aceh by the central government .

Aceh region did not succeed in controlled enemies , but that does not mean this area is never attacked by the Dutch army . They often attack either by air or sea as LhokNga area , Ujong Aquaculture Development , Ulee Lheue , Lhoksumawe and some other places . However, the Dutch attacks can always be broken by the armed forces in Aceh area .

Failure Dutch master Aceh , causing the government of Aceh to be safe and running smoothly . This provides the opportunity for Aceh to fix and establish channels of communication such as the press and radio , because that through the press and radio Aceh government can provide first aid to other areas that are facing the Dutch army .

For the smooth transportation of Aceh with other regions in Indonesia , Aceh local government first used the media once Post Telegraph Telephone ( PTT ) . Post Telegram Phone already known in Aceh during Dutch rule in Aceh . Post Telegram Phone has a role in the war for independence of the Republic of Indonesia , because through this medium to convey a message and receive news practically without any intermediary tool .

The existence of the telegram to make more confident Aceh region in order to help the nation's struggling mightily mmpertahankan Republikm Indonesian independence . Then pemrintah areas of Aceh Aceh send armed forces to strengthen the resistance against the Dutch which is crucial in other areas .

Kutaraja radio transmitter was originally very simple shape and condition. However, its role in encouraging and uplifting of the people fighting against the Dutch government is very important meaning in the revolutionary period .

When the first Dutch aggression launched to the entire country of Indonesia and on the same day ie on July 21, 1947 , LhokNga airfield under attack from Air Force and Navy , which is then followed by several other coastal areas . But the Dutch still not managed to control Aceh , while regions outside Aceh can be mastered almost all of them . When the role of radio Kutaraja increasingly important position as a means of communication .

Besides radio Kutaraja , army or Elephant devinisi X on behalf of the local government of Aceh ; though in critical condition this managed to also establish a more powerful transmitter broadcast coverage , which is known by the name of Radio Rimba Raya . Through radio and Radio Rimba Raya Kutaraja this together very instrumental in order mengorbarkan encouragement to the soldiers in the pockets of guerrilla who was maintaining the independence of the Republic of Indonesia .

Radio Kutaraja that , in general, give encouragement to the fighters on the forefront , as well as to the community to contribute to financing the war in Aceh and the surrounding area other areas as far as the point when its range ; may be received in the territory of Indonesia .

In a national revolution , known as Indonesia's independence , that economic factors also greatly determine the success or failure of the ongoing revolution . The role of the press and radio in the war of independence in the economy is broadcast on the needs of the fighters , so that people can be helped like to contribute food , thoughts and other supplies inventory .

In June 1948 President Sukarno during his visit to the province , inviting figures fighters , businessmen , and some youth to gather at Hotel Atjeh . The President asked the people of Aceh to donate two planes is in need for a smooth fight . With the help of merchants , the local government of Aceh has been able to buy two planes at the end of October 1948 with a registration number RI - 001 . The plane then by President Sukarno was named " Seulawah RI - 001 . " While another plane was in had given to the government of Burma , as a token of gratitude for all the facilities given to Garuda representatives operating in Burma .

III . INDEPENDENCE WAR ROLE IN ACEH RI

Struggle of the People of Aceh in Medan Area . In the history of the struggle for independence in Aceh Aceh army troops not only fought in Aceh alone but also continuously sent to the field or to other places in East Sumatra ( now : North Sumatra ) . Aceh , where troops fought in the field area and a variety of terrain to be annexed pertumpuran enemy . Facing armed Dutch troops advanced , the Indonesian army commander Maj. Gen. R. Suharjo Harjowardoyo shed great hope to the troops in Aceh .

In a telegram , the commander asked the leader of the people of Aceh in order to provide continued strength of Aceh to Medan . Returns Medan lies in the hands of the brothers all the inhabitants of Aceh .

As a result of this aggression caused first Dutch Indonesian republic is faced with a big challenge . In a crisis situation was vice president Mohammad Hatta raised Tgk . Muhammad David Breu - er became military governor of Aceh area , Langkat and Karo with the rank of Major General . As a result of the first Dutch aggression and forces many people to flee to East Sumatra Aceh still safe from the pressures of the Netherlands . 

During the Tgk . Muhammad Daud Beureu - er became Military Governor of Aceh , Langakat and Karo ; came to pass the second Dutch aggression . On the first day of the aggression dated December 19, 1948 the capital of Indonesia , Yogyakarta can be occupied by the Dutch , Sukarno and Vice President Mohammad Hatta Prsiden along with several ministers and some other figures can be captured by the Dutch . Dated December 19, 1948 authorizing the government to Mr. . Syarifuddin Prawiranegara that when it was in Bukit Tinggi to form the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia , better known as the Emergency Government , whereas in Java Government Commission was formed consisting of Mr. . Sukiman . Mr . Susanto Tirtiprodjo .

With the second Dutch aggression can dilakatakan , that almost all regions in Sumatra has been under Dutch rule . The only area that is still intact yet entered the Netherlands is of Aceh .

To confront the power of the Dutch in the East Sumatra ( North Sumatra ) and is based on the consideration , that it is better to attack the Dutch troops from Aceh in Aceh survive , Warriors totaled 60 people assigned to the battalion TRI Division also sent to the unity of the Aceh army Tgk Division . Chik Di Tiro , Direncong Division , Division Tgk . Chik Paya Bakong and Student Army . Therefore, increasingly more are coming to Medan Area , then forced to set up a coordinating body called RIMA ( Regiment Special Field Area ) consisting of 4 battalions that Alfisah Wiji battalion , artillery battalion Rencong Division , Division Tgk . Chik Di Tiro , and Division Tgk . Chik Paya Bakong .

The first task of the army is to reclaim the area occupied by the Dutch . However, it is less successful because of lack of coordination amongst the Indonesian armed forces , even frequent commando was not cooperating , so it can not move a simultaneous attack against the Netherlands .

Although the main task did not succeed , but to repel the advance of Dutch troops to Aceh quite successful . It can be seen because there is no single region in Aceh can be re- occupied by the Dutch . 

IV . CONTRIBUTION OF THE ACEH

Aceh area is an area that was never occupied by the enemy and is the main capital of the Republic of Indonesia in the struggle for independence . This statement is supported the fact , that the only area in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia at that time which was never occupied by the Dutch was the Aceh region. This is precisely what made ​​major capital Indonesian envoy in the Round Table Conference ( KBM ) in the Hague , that the Republic of Indonesia still has the mastery of the Dutch region free .

Besides greeting the President on dealing with various donations that have been given to the people of Aceh Indonesian struggle in maintaining their independence , such as the donation of a plane . Enthusiastic about helping the people of Aceh in the purchase of these aircraft by several informants tell me that people are so willing banging on their door at night to menyumbangi portion of gold or other goods for the sake of the country .

The aircraft were purchased with donations of the people of Aceh is named " Seulawah " is the name of a mountain located on the border of Aceh Besar and Pidie District , and the aircraft was nimor RI - 001 .

That the Acehnese people donated money to buy the aircraft type is adequate for the two Dakota aircraft . But a of them is still a puzzle , because according to the fact that there is only a plane ( RI - 001 ) . According to A. Hasjmy , that the fraud carried out in Singapore , but the perpetrator is unknown . But another source said that another plane had been awarded to the Burmese government , as a token of gratitude for all the facilities provided by a representative of Garuda operates in Burma .

At the beginning of this plane is a line in the air force of the Republic of Indonesia and a foreign country route , namely Burma and Calkutta i . While its function within the country in addition to bridging the islands of Sumatra and Java ; well to break through the blockade of the Dutch political figures fly the Indonesian nation .

Then on January 26, 1949 RI - 001 into commercial aircraft chartered by the Indonesian Airways , which became known as Garuda Indonesia Airways . The first is Wiweko menagernya Supeno.

Besides aircraft have contributed to the interest in the Indonesian struggle to maintain its independence , the people of Aceh also contributed to the Indonesian government in the form of arms , food , clothing , etc. to help establish and maintain the independence struggle in East Sumatra . In 1948 the people of Aceh to Medan area has sent as many as 72 buffalo area.

The role of Radio Rimba Raya

One of the capital of the Indonesian Nation struggle during the war of independence is a means of communication , namely Radio Rimba Raya . Since the early days of the war of independence in 1946 the Aceh region has had a radio transmitter placed in Kutaraja . And in the subsequent developments in tahun1947 plus a transmitter again placed in Central Aceh and known by the name of Radio Rimba Raya . Both transmitters have a big enough role in the war for independence , so that means it can be said the Nation Capital Indonesia struggles in maintaining its independence.

Regarding the Czech Radio Indonisia Kutaraja , first echo in the air on May 11, 1947 with the power of 25 watts through a 68 -meter wave . Broadcast coverage is only about Kutaraja , but in its development in 1947 successfully developed the radio to 100 watts , the broadcast coverage to the city of Medan and High Proof . Later in the month of April 1948 was developed radio again to be 325 watts and broadcast over the broadcast waves of 33.5 meters and can already arrested abroad . When the Security Council of the United Nations ( UN ) convened to talk about the conflict between the Republic of Indonesia and the Netherlands , Radio Republik Indonesia Kuta Raja held repeatedly broadcast by broadcasting a passion / desire and determination to maintain the independence of Indonesia.

Regarding different from the Rimba Raya Radio Radio of Republic of Indonesia Kutaraja . Radio transmitters Rimba Raya has considerable strength is 1 kilowatt managed by TNI X Division led by Major John Lie.

The first transmitter once installed in Krueng Simpo about 20 km from the town of Takengon , then by order of the Military Governor of the radio moved to Cot Gu ( Kutaraja ) . Then moved back to Central Aceh because leaders predicted , that in turn will invade the Netherlands to Aceh . Radio is placed on a mountain known as Burmi anesthetic that is located 10 miles west section Takengon .

In a short period of time in accordance with the atmosphere tense and urgent needs , Rimba Raya radio transmitter finished in wake undertaken by W. Schultz was a citizen of Indonesia Indonesian - German descent and colleagues. So since that's when the main transmitters in different cities not on the air anymore , because the Dutch master , the Radio Rimba Raya fill this void with excellent results .

When Batavia and Radio Hilversum radio reported that the Republic of Indonesia is not there anymore , because after the Yogyakarta can also be taken followed by the fall of the regions of the Republic of Indenesia other , Radio Rimba Raya denied firmly , asserting " That the Republic of Indonesia is still there , Army of the Republic Indonesia is still there , the Government of the Republic of Indonesia is still there , and the territory of the Republic of Indonesia is still there . " and here , is Aceh , one of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia which is still fully intact " , said radio broadcasts . This news was quoted by the All India Radio ; then broadcast again , so that the world knows no lies Netherlands .

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the above paper contents , it can be concluded as follows : Aceh is one of the areas loyal to the government of the Republic of Indonesia. Aceh is a major area in the fight capital of the Republic of Indonesia kemerdekaann , because it was never occupied by the enemy and is still fully intact . Aceh is also the area that has always accounted for or always provide assistance to the Republic of Indonesia, both in the form of arms , food , and clothing to assist in establishing the independence struggle . Elements of Islamic teachings in the form of spirit or fisabilillah jihad in the Way of God of War was instrumental in the fight for independence in Aceh Indonesia . Hikayat Prang Sabi ( Tale of Holy War ) , which encourages people of Aceh against the Netherlands in the Age of the Dutch War , also echoed back to the era of Indonesian independence war .